ASCI 202

 Weather Hazards: Icing Flight Safety is the most important necessity when it comes to aircraft design and operations. Flight safety though can be affected by several unfavorable meteorological conditions. There are several weather hazards that may impact aviation operations, however, the one which I feel poses the biggest threat to operations is icing. Icing occurs when precipitation aggregates on any part of the external structure of an aircraft. Ice may affect the function of the wings, propellers, control surface, and even pilot tubes, air intakes, and radio antennas. Aircraft encountering icing may experience an increase of aerodynamic weight and drag and a reduction in lift and thrust which may result in extremely dangerous flying. There are three types of icing, these include; rime, clear, and mixed. The most common type of icing is rime. This occurs when raindrops quickly freeze upon striking the aircraft. Rime ice usually stays on the leading edges of an aircraft. Clear ice,

Air Traffic Control Entities:   Air Traffic Control entities are services proved by air traffic controllers which are group-based, their job is to coordinate the movements of aircrafts as a way to maintain safe distances between them. Two types of air traffic control entities are ARTCC and FSS (Federal Aviation Administration, 2021). ARTCC, Air Route Traffic Control Centers which is sometimes referred to as the “centers” are essentially a facility which air traffic control specialists give out instructions for flight clearances (air traffic) and advice in terms of flight conditions to the pilot (Kern, 2020). The ARTCC is the main center of the ATC systems. These controllers receive control of flights entering their area of accountability from adjoining centers. The operations rooms within ARTCC comprise of about fifty to sixty consoles of large computer monitors which display aircraft data blocks. Each Air Route Traffic Control Centers contains personnel assigned to the Air Traffic Fl